编者按：2025年2月20日至22日，欧洲肝脏研究学会（EASL）肝癌峰会在法国巴黎举行。会议第一天为“胆管癌日”，来自英国格拉斯哥大学的知名胆管癌（CCA）治疗领域专家Chiara Braconi教授做了专题报告，并接受了本刊记者的专访。Braconi教授围绕欧洲胆管癌系统性治疗的可及性，以及中欧在胆管癌治疗领域的合作等话题，分享了自己的见解和看法。现将内容整理成文，以飨读者。

 

 

Braconi：In Europe.We do have a general approval pathway first，which involves the European medical agency.Once the approval has been achieved，then it is up to each level to each country to really have an approval pathway in place.And that obviously will be different from country to country.And with emergence of a new drugs that are potentially useful in cholangiocarcinoma.We tend to see a lot of inequities in the way that these plants are implemented across European countries.So still，we do have patients that access different drugs according to where they live.

 

Braconi：Obviously is multifactorial.There isn’t one single reason that is responsible for this issue problem.It comes from the knowledge and awareness of different countries，the possibility to have dedicated teams for biliary cancer，because overall is a rare disease，which can raise their voice，and they can make the case to governance and to the countries.It depends.Obviously，on the economical status of the country.Every country has their own priority.Now spending the health budget，I think that what we can do obviously，is try to increase the priority for expenditure in biliary tract cancer.

 

Braconi：Obviously，a lot of people are coming here are experts in biliary tract cancers and liver cancers.So they are up to dated，but many of those who come，they try to increase their educational level，because this is a rare cancer and not everywhere.There is the possibility to have a dedicated then centralized system.So it is important that everyone is aware that when they see a patient with collateral carcinoma，they actually try to adhere to the guidelines and probably refer to cease to centers where they have more expertise.And they can try and reduce these inequalities.We tend to see that a lot of different，heterogeneous approach to the management of these patients that comes from the fact that there is an overload of the smaller community hospitals，so that at times they don’t have the resources or the infrastructures that we offer for what it should be offered.

 

Braconi：I think it’s important to really join our forces together.We do，we are working in Europe with a European network of the study of cholangiocarcinoma in the precision btc net work where we are really trying to bring together members from all different countries.And this is a key.If we wanted to really fill the gap of inequities across Europe，that is obviously needed to be enlarged beyond Europe.We are trying to do that as part of the precision b to c network，we have many partner countries which are beyond Europe and outside right Europe.And I think that this is where we can work together and stay together in network is where it can help in this sense.

 

Braconi：I think that there are two main key factors that can boost the collaboration between China and Europe.In general.One is the fact that we need to have patients representations from all different countries in our clinical trials，because that is the way to provide the evidence that a scientific data is actually applicable to your specific region and area.And the other side is that obviously in Asia and China，we know the incidence of liver cancer is I and so it is really important to make sure that we collaborate and we join.They expedited these together to really make advancements.

 

 

Braconi教授在报告中详细阐述了胆管癌治疗的最新进展。她指出，近年来，针对胆管癌的靶向治疗与免疫治疗取得了显著突破，为患者提供了更多治疗选择。新型靶向药物通过精准定位癌细胞，有效抑制肿瘤生长，而免疫疗法则通过激活患者自身的免疫系统来对抗癌细胞，两者结合使用在某些患者中展现出了良好的治疗效果。

 

此外，Braconi教授还提到了在胆管癌治疗中的个体化医疗趋势。她强调，随着基因测序技术的不断进步，医生们能够更准确地了解患者的肿瘤基因特征，从而为患者制定更加个性化的治疗方案。这种个体化的治疗方法有助于提高治疗效果，减少不必要的药物副作用。

 

 

在采访中，Braconi教授为我们介绍了欧洲各国在胆管癌系统性治疗方面的资源分配和患者获取治疗的现状。她指出，欧洲虽然有一个总体上的审批途径，涉及欧洲药品管理局，但新药审批后，每个国家还需设立各自的审批途径，这导致了欧洲各国在新药实施上存在显著差异。因此，胆管癌患者能够接触到的药物，往往取决于他们的居住地。

 

谈及影响欧洲胆管癌患者获取系统性治疗的主要因素，Braconi教授认为这是一个多因素问题。她表示，不同国家对胆管癌的认知和重视程度、是否有专门的胆管癌治疗团队，以及国家的经济状况都是重要的影响因素。各国在卫生预算上的支出优先级不同，因此，需要努力提升胆管癌治疗在卫生预算中的优先级。

 

 

对于新药和新治疗方法不断涌现的背景下，欧洲在提升胆管癌系统性治疗可及性方面的最新进展或计划，Braconi教授表示，目前有很多胆管癌和肝癌领域的专家正在致力于提高诊疗水平，以便更好地进行诊治。她认为，建立一个专门的中央系统至关重要，以确保所有胆管癌医生都能遵循指南，并且在必要时可以将患者转诊到拥有更多专业知识的中心。这样可以减少治疗上的不平等，提高治疗质量。

 

 

展望未来，Braconi教授对胆管癌系统性治疗可及性的前景表示乐观。她强调，欧洲各国需要共同努力，加强合作与交流。她所在的欧洲胆管癌精准研究网络正在致力于将不同国家的成员聚集在一起，共同推动胆管癌治疗的发展。Braconi教授还表示，该网络已经与欧洲以外的许多伙伴国家建立了合作关系，这将有助于在全球范围内推动胆管癌治疗领域的进步。

 

 

在谈到中欧在胆管癌治疗领域的研究和临床实践上的合作时，Braconi教授认为，中欧双方可以在临床试验的基础上与胆管癌发病率高的地区合作上加强合作。她指出，中欧双方需要在临床试验中纳入来自不同国家的患者代表，以提供科学数据在不同地区和区域适用的证据。同时，鉴于亚洲和中国肝癌的高发病率，中欧双方应加强协作，共同推动肝癌治疗领域的进步。

 

此次采访中，Braconi教授以其丰富的专业知识和深入的行业洞察，为与会者带来了关于欧洲胆管癌治疗领域的最新动态和前沿观点。她的分享不仅增进了中欧双方在该领域的交流与合作，也为全球胆管癌患者带来了更多的希望和信心。

 

 

（本文结合专家报告及现场采访内容进行整理）